Complications of diabetes mellitus can be divided into three major categories-microvascular
complications, specifically retinopathy and nephropathy; macrovascular complications,
particularly accelerated coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral
vascular disease; and neuropathies, both peripheral and autonomic, affecting a variety of
organs and systems. This article reviews strategies for the detection, treatment, and
prevention of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy.