Introduction lar rates of fatty acid oxidation. It has been suggested that these effects may be mediated through Long-chain fatty acids represent the major substrate for energy production in the normal working heart the inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH, EC 1. 2. 4. 1) by end products of (Neely and Morgan, 1974a). The relationship between fatty acids and glucose utilization, the gluc- fatty acid oxidation such as acetyl-CoA and NADH (Wieland, 1983; Behal et al., 1993). Also, an inose-fatty acid cycle, was proposed by Randle three decades ago (Randle et al., 1963, 1964). According crease in-oxidation leads to accumulation of citrate and subsequent inhibition of glycolysis and to this hypothesis, glucose utilization in skeletal