In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy.
Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered
the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding.
Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring
autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be
confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular …

Many researchers, especially those new to the field, need to determine which criteria are
essential for demonstrating autophagy, either for the purposes of their own research, or in
the capacity of a manuscript or grant review. 1 Acceptable standards are an important issue,
particularly considering that each of us may have his/her own opinion regarding the answer.
Unfortunately, the answer is in part a “moving target” as the field evolves. 2 This can be
extremely frustrating for researchers who may think they have met those criteria, only to find …